DEFISE wrote:But what proves that A(S) is a solution ?
This is precisely what we want to prove !
Probably, you're forgetting that an automorphism of S is first of all a Sudoku isomorphism.
If S is a solution, then A(S) satisfies the Sudoku axioms (they are invariant by any Sudoku isomorphism, by definition). In case P is invariant under A, A(S) also has the right clues for being a solution of P. qed.